Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders Act

An Act respecting certain measures relating to the security of Canada's borders and the integrity of the Canadian immigration system and respecting other related security measures

Sponsor

Status

In committee (House), as of Oct. 23, 2025

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Summary

This is from the published bill.

Part 1 amends the Customs Act to provide the Canada Border Services Agency with facilities free of charge for carrying out any purpose related to the administration or enforcement of that Act and other Acts of Parliament and to provide officers of that Agency with access at certain locations to goods destined for export. It also includes transitional provisions.
Part 2 amends the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act to create a new temporary accelerated scheduling pathway that allows the Minister of Health to add precursor chemicals to Schedule V to that Act. It also makes related amendments to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (Police Enforcement) Regulations and the Precursor Control Regulations .
Part 3 amends the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and the Cannabis Act to confirm that the Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, make regulations exempting members of law enforcement from the application of any provision of the Criminal Code that creates drug-related inchoate offences when they are undertaking lawful investigations.
Part 4 amends the Oceans Act to provide that coast guard services include activities related to security and to authorize the responsible minister to collect, analyze and disclose information and intelligence.
Part 5 amends the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Act to authorize the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration to disclose, for certain purposes and subject to any regulations, personal information under the control of the Department within the Department and to certain other federal and provincial government entities.
It also amends the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act to authorize the making of regulations relating to the disclosure of information collected for the purposes of that Act to federal departments and agencies.
Part 6 amends the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act to, among other things,
(a) eliminate the designated countries of origin regime;
(b) authorize the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration to specify the information and documents that are required in support of a claim for refugee protection;
(c) authorize the Refugee Protection Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board to determine that claims for refugee protection that have not yet been referred to the Refugee Protection Division have been abandoned in certain circumstances;
(d) provide the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration with the power to determine that claims for refugee protection that have not yet been referred to the Refugee Protection Division have been withdrawn in certain circumstances;
(e) require the Refugee Protection Division and the Refugee Appeal Division to suspend certain proceedings respecting a claim for refugee protection if the claimant is not present in Canada;
(f) clarify that decisions of the Immigration and Refugee Board must be rendered, and reasons for those decisions must be given, in the manner specified by its Chairperson; and
(g) authorize regulations to be made setting out the circumstances in which the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration or the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness must designate, in relation to certain proceedings or applications, a representative for persons who are under 18 years of age or who are unable to appreciate the nature of the proceeding or application.
It also includes transitional provisions.
Part 7 amends the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act to, among other things,
(a) authorize the Governor in Council to make an order specifying that certain applications made under that Act are not to be accepted for processing, or that the processing of those applications is to be suspended or terminated, when the Governor in Council is of the opinion that it is in the public interest to do so;
(b) authorize the Governor in Council to make an order to cancel, suspend or vary certain documents issued under that Act, or to impose or vary conditions, when the Governor in Council is of the opinion that it is in the public interest to do so;
(c) for the application of an order referred to in paragraph (b), require a person to appear for an examination, answer questions truthfully and produce all relevant documents or evidence that an officer requires; and
(d) authorize the Governor in Council to make regulations prescribing circumstances in which a document issued under that Act can be cancelled, suspended or varied, and in which officers may terminate the processing of certain applications made under that Act.
Part 8 amends the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act to add two new grounds of ineligibility for claims for refugee protection as well as powers to make regulations respecting exceptions to those new grounds. It also includes a transitional provision respecting the retroactive application of those new grounds.
Part 9 amends the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act to, among other things,
(a) increase the maximum administrative monetary penalties that may be imposed for certain violations and the maximum punishments that may be imposed for certain criminal offences under that Act;
(b) replace the existing optional compliance agreement regime with a new mandatory compliance agreement regime that, among other things,
(i) requires every person or entity that receives an administrative monetary penalty for a prescribed violation to enter into a compliance agreement with the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (the Centre),
(ii) requires the Director of the Centre to make a compliance order if the person or entity refuses to enter into a compliance agreement or fails to comply with such an agreement, and
(iii) designates the contravention of a compliance order as a new violation under that Act;
(c) require persons or entities referred to in section 5 of that Act, other than those already required to register, to enroll with the Centre; and
(d) authorize the Centre to disclose certain information to the Commissioner of Canada Elections, subject to certain conditions.
It also makes consequential and related amendments to the Retail Payment Activities Act and the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Administrative Monetary Penalties Regulations and includes transitional provisions.
Part 10 amends the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Act to make the Director of the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada a member of the committee established under subsection 18(1) of that Act. It also amends the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act to enable the Director to exchange information with the other members of that committee.
Part 11 amends the Sex Offender Information Registration Act to, among other things,
(a) make certain changes to a sex offender’s reporting obligations, including the circumstances in which they are required to report, the information that must be provided and the time within which it is to be provided;
(b) provide that any of a sex offender’s physical characteristics that may assist in their identification may be recorded when they report to a registration centre;
(c) clarify what may constitute a reasonable excuse for a sex offender’s non-compliance with the requirement to give at least 14 days’ notice prior to a departure from their residence for seven or more consecutive days;
(d) authorize the Canada Border Services Agency to disclose certain information relating to a sex offender’s arrival in and departure from Canada to law enforcement agencies for the purposes of the administration and enforcement of that Act;
(e) authorize, in certain circumstances, the disclosure of information collected under that Act if there are reasonable grounds to believe that it will assist in the prevention or investigation of a crime of a sexual nature; and
(f) clarify that a person who discloses information under section 16 of that Act with the belief that they are acting in accordance with that section is not guilty of an offence under section 17 of that Act.
It also makes a related amendment to the Customs Act .

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Bill numbers are reused for different bills each new session. Perhaps you were looking for one of these other C-12s:

C-12 (2022) Law An Act to amend the Old Age Security Act (Guaranteed Income Supplement)
C-12 (2020) Law Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act
C-12 (2020) Law An Act to amend the Financial Administration Act (special warrant)
C-12 (2016) An Act to amend the Canadian Forces Members and Veterans Re-establishment and Compensation Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts

Debate Summary

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This is a computer-generated summary of the speeches below. Usually it’s accurate, but every now and then it’ll contain inaccuracies or total fabrications.

Bill C-12 aims to strengthen Canada's borders and immigration system by addressing security, transnational crime, fentanyl, and illicit financing. It proposes amendments to various acts, including those related to customs, oceans, and immigration.

Liberal

  • Strengthens border security and combats organized crime: The Liberal party supports Bill C-12 to keep Canadians safe by strengthening border security, combating transnational organized crime, stopping fentanyl flow, and cracking down on money laundering and auto theft.
  • Modernizes immigration and asylum systems: The bill modernizes the asylum system through new ineligibility rules for late or irregular claims, streamlines processing, enhances information sharing, and allows for managing immigration documents during crises.
  • Balances security with humanitarian values: The party asserts that Bill C-12 strikes a balance between protecting borders and privacy rights, ensuring due process, and upholding Canada's humanitarian tradition for genuine asylum seekers.

Conservative

  • Protected Canadians' privacy and freedoms: The party forced the Liberal government to remove invasive measures from the original Bill C-2, such as warrantless mail searches and access to personal data, which were deemed violations of Canadians' privacy and freedoms.
  • Denounces soft-on-crime policies: Conservatives criticize the government's soft-on-crime agenda, arguing that previous legislation led to increased violent crime, "catch-and-release" bail, and insufficient penalties for serious offenses.
  • Calls for border and immigration reform: The party asserts that Liberal policies have created a broken immigration system with massive backlogs and porous borders, leading to increased illegal crossings, human trafficking, and insufficient resources for border security.
  • Demands tougher action on fentanyl: While Bill C-12 includes measures to ban fentanyl precursors, the party demands mandatory prison sentences for traffickers and opposes government-supported drug consumption sites near schools, advocating for recovery-based care.

NDP

  • Opposes bill C-12: The NDP strongly opposes Bill C-12, viewing it as a repackaged Bill C-2 that doubles down on anti-migrant and anti-refugee policies, rejected by over 300 civil society organizations.
  • Undefined executive powers: The bill grants cabinet unchecked power to suspend applications or cancel documents in the "public interest" without definition, guidelines, evidence, or judicial oversight, allowing arbitrary decisions.
  • Harms vulnerable migrants: The bill directly harms vulnerable migrants by imposing arbitrary timelines for asylum claims, risking the deportation of those fleeing violence and persecution, and undermining international obligations.
  • Panders to anti-immigrant narratives: The NDP argues the bill panders to a Trump-style anti-immigrant narrative, undermining Canada's reputation as a welcoming country and reinforcing a repressive rather than humanitarian approach.

Bloc

  • Supports bill C-12 with caveats: The Bloc Québécois supports sending Bill C-12 to committee as it removed contentious privacy-violating clauses from Bill C-2, but clarifies their support is not a "carte blanche" endorsement.
  • Demands enhanced border security: The party advocates for a dedicated border department, increased CBSA and RCMP staffing, greater operational flexibility for officers, and proper infrastructure for inspections, alongside tougher penalties for smugglers.
  • Addresses immigration and refugee system: The Bloc supports closing Safe Third Country Agreement loopholes and ministerial powers to cancel fraudulent visas, while demanding fairer distribution of asylum seekers and adequate funding for Quebec.
  • Combats organized crime and fraud: The party calls for better control of illegal firearms, increased patrols, oversight against money laundering, and action on the fentanyl crisis to protect citizens and their economic security.

Green

  • Opposes omnibus bills: The Green Party opposes Bill C-12 as an omnibus bill, arguing that issues touching on many different acts should be studied separately, not combined.
  • Bill C-12 is unacceptable: Despite some changes from Bill C-2, Bill C-12 remains unacceptable due to provisions that invade privacy and negatively impact refugees.
  • Calls for bill withdrawal: The Green Party asserts that issues in both Bill C-2 and Bill C-12 are not fixable, demanding their immediate withdrawal.
Was this summary helpful and accurate?

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:05 p.m.

Bloc

Claude DeBellefeuille Bloc Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—Huntingdon, QC

Mr. Speaker, as the public safety critic for the Bloc Québécois, I can say that we have studied Bill C-12 at length. We have also heard from a lot of witnesses. I am an MP who is capable of weighing the pros and cons. Bill C‑12 contains some good measures, such as the one that gives the Minister of Health the power to identify precursor chemicals to fight the opioid crisis.

Does my colleague think that giving the Minister of Health the power to quickly identify precursor chemicals is a good idea?

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:05 p.m.

Conservative

Dalwinder Gill Conservative Calgary McKnight, AB

Mr. Speaker, in June, the Liberals tabled Bill C-2 without even consulting the Privacy Commissioner or considering its impact on Canadians' rights. Frankly, this is unacceptable. People's lives are at stake, and Liberals are introducing bills through trial and error. I hope we can work together to form a productive outcome for Canadians.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:05 p.m.

Conservative

Jagsharan Singh Mahal Conservative Edmonton Southeast, AB

Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleague for his wonderful speech pointing out the frailties and shortcomings in this bill that still need to be talked about. My question is quite simple. The Liberals still seem to be pushing for safe consumption sites, including by schools, day cares and play zones, as you said in your remarks.

How do you feel about this disconnect—

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:05 p.m.

The Deputy Speaker Tom Kmiec

I will interrupt the member. Members have to speak through the Chair; they cannot use the word “you”. I invite the member to continue but to refer to “member”, “colleague” or any other terminology.

The member can continue and finish his question.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:05 p.m.

Conservative

Jagsharan Singh Mahal Conservative Edmonton Southeast, AB

Mr. Speaker, how does my colleague feel about this disconnect when, on one hand, the Liberals say they want to work hard on fentanyl and its consumption, but at the same time, they are not willing to stop safe consumption sites close to schools and day cares?

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:05 p.m.

Conservative

Dalwinder Gill Conservative Calgary McKnight, AB

Mr. Speaker, the Liberal approach of expanding safe injection sites and safe supply programs has only fuelled addiction, crime and overdoses, leaving first responders and health care workers to clean up the mess. We believe in investing in treatment, recovery and enforcement, so Canadians can rebuild their lives.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:05 p.m.

Conservative

Todd Doherty Conservative Cariboo—Prince George, BC

Mr. Speaker, we are here to talk about Bill C-12. I am going to focus my speech. As many of my colleagues in the House know, I do a lot of work with our first responders and our veterans. I do a lot of work dealing with mental health throughout our country, so I will be spending a majority of my time talking about fentanyl and how it has had just an incredible, devastating impact on our country.

I would be remiss if I did not do this first. We have first responders all across our country who put their uniforms on every day to run into burning buildings, to run toward danger. Whether it is a nurse, a paramedic, a firefighter or a police officer, they are there to serve us and our families. They are there to make our communities safe.

One of my very good friends, somebody I deeply respect, Mr. Paul Hills, is in Ottawa today and has been here for the last week. I have worked tirelessly, shoulder to shoulder, with him to stand up for our first responders, who face threats of violence and violent acts each and every day. I am just honoured to call him a friend. I know that we are not allowed to acknowledge people in the gallery, so I will not look up to the gallery, but perhaps my colleagues could do me a favour and just provide a round of applause.

He has worked tirelessly to get Bill C-321 passed. The bill would change the Criminal Code to recognize, at the time of sentencing, that if the victim of violence is a health care worker, a nurse or a paramedic, that would be an aggravating factor in sentencing. He has been here working tirelessly with our Senate and with all of our colleagues on all sides. I send my heartfelt thanks to him.

Furthermore, I cannot speak to Bill C-12, about strengthening our borders, if I do not recognize and talk about Brianna MacDonald, whom I have talked about in this House before. At 13 years of age, she lost her life in a homeless encampment due to an overdose. She turned 13 on my son's birthday last year, on July 15, and she was found deceased on my daughter's birthday, a month later, August 23, in Abbotsford in a homeless encampment. Her parents did everything to try to get her off the drug and get her off the streets. She was 13.

We cannot talk about this bill or any bills when we are talking about strengthening our borders or making our communities safe without mentioning Brianna or Tyler Dunlap, or the nephew of our colleague, who mentioned her nephew passed away from an overdose. I lost my brother-in-law to an overdose. I lost my uncle to drugs. I have a brother on the streets now who is gripped with this crisis. I cannot leave that at the feet of the government because he has been on the streets for a long period of time.

However, I ask those who are watching and those who are in the House today to take a look around our communities. Do they look the same as they did 10 years ago? The answer is no. There has been an increase in crime.

Fentanyl flows across our porous border. We are absolutely powerless to stop this drug from flowing across our border. That is why we are standing here to compel our colleagues, to plead with our colleagues across the way in the government, to protect our youth, strengthen our borders and ensure that law enforcement has the tools it needs to stop illicit drugs from reaching our communities. Right now, whatever we are doing, it is not working.

Over 50,000 Canadians have lost their lives since 2016. Those are just the numbers that we know. In my home province of British Columbia, overdose is the leading cause of death for youth ages 10 to 18. I say it in every speech because it bears repeating time and time again. Do members want to know what the second leading cause of death is? It is suicide.

Our country is gripped in a mental health crisis and all we look at are band-aid solutions. That is not blaming the current government or previous governments; it is blaming us collectively as leaders, whether provincial, federal or municipal. We are failing Canadians. Bill C-12 does nothing to affect that.

I was elected 10 years ago on Sunday. One of the first debates I undertook in the House was on the suicide epidemic in Attawapiskat First Nation. I remember listening to the debate and hearing some of our colleagues who had been in the House a lot longer than I had at that point say that their first debate, years earlier, was on the suicide crisis we had in Canada. We have done nothing; they are band-aid solutions.

Collectively, as a Parliament, we passed my motion to bring a three-digit national suicide hotline to Canada: 988. We did that in the last session. However, there is so much more we need to do. When we see Bill C-12 and bills like Bill C-2, an omnibus bill with much ado about nothing, we question why.

Those who are new in the House, I remember being in the same seats as some of them in the back rows of both sides. I came here with great intentions and had great hopes for all, but we are failing. I cannot remember who said it, but one of our colleagues said that the time for talk is done; we need action.

Over seven and a half million Canadians are without a doctor. Our borders are broken and we are going to bring more immigrants into Canada, but they are not going to be able to get a doctor. They are not going to be able to afford food. They are not going to be able to afford a house or a roof over their heads. Where is the compassion in that?

Our police officers and first responders are taxed. How far are we falling when it is okay to firebomb an ambulance, to stab a paramedic or to knock a nurse out when they are just trying to help us, heal our broken bones or hold our hand as we take our last breath?

I challenge all of our colleagues here. We get heated during question period, but when we talk about things that matter, like the mental health of Canadians, the health and wellness of Canadians, I think we could all agree that there is no health without mental health and that our addiction crisis is real. Bill C-12 does nothing to stop the scourge of fentanyl, drugs or guns coming over our borders.

We can do better. The government needs to do better. The provinces are calling for it. The attorneys general are calling for it. The municipalities are calling for it. The police agencies are calling for it. I challenge all of us, but I challenge the government, because that is its legacy after 10 years. It says it is new, but it is the same old, same old. I know there are good people on that side, so I challenge them to speak up, those members, those colleagues, and to challenge the guy in the front desk to do better and be better.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:15 p.m.

The Deputy Speaker Tom Kmiec

It is my duty pursuant to Standing Order 38 to inform the House that the questions to be raised tonight at the time of adjournment are as follows: the hon. member for Kamloops—Shuswap—Central Rockies, Justice; the hon. member for Northumberland—Clarke, Housing; and the hon. member for Lanark—Frontenac, Public Safety.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:15 p.m.

Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne Québec

Liberal

Sherry Romanado LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Defence

Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank my colleague across the way for his speech. We have had the great pleasure of working together over the last 10 years on multiple files, one of which he mentioned in his speech.

He referenced somebody who may or may not be on the Hill and in the chamber today. While this is not about Bill C-12, I did want to flag to him, which I think he will be happy to hear, that in the legislation tabled this morning, Bill C-14, on page 19, in proposed subclause 39(1), injury to first responders was added. That was in a private member's bill he brought forward in the last Parliament. I just wanted to let him know that.

As he is very passionate about this, would he be willing to work with our government to make sure that when we hopefully get Bill C-12 to committee, we have some amendments—

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:15 p.m.

The Deputy Speaker Tom Kmiec

We have to give a chance to the hon. member for Cariboo—Prince George to respond.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:15 p.m.

Conservative

Todd Doherty Conservative Cariboo—Prince George, BC

Mr. Speaker, I just read the notice that the government has taken up excerpts of our bill, Bill C-321, but I have not had a chance to look at whether they go far enough. We know the Senate just passed Bill S-233 last night. It is back in this House as we speak. My understanding is that Bill S-233 is complementary to the new bail reform bill. We also know that Bill C-321 passed at all levels in the last Parliament, and only due to the election call did it fail to get through. Time and time again, we need to send a message to our first responders and those who wear uniforms that we care for them and that we will protect them through thick and thin.

I look forward to working with our colleague across the way.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:20 p.m.

Bloc

Andréanne Larouche Bloc Shefford, QC

Mr. Speaker, my colleague spoke at length about fentanyl. I extend my condolences to all who have lost loved ones to the fentanyl crisis.

What are my Conservative colleague's thoughts on the federal government strengthening co-operation with the Government of Quebec and the United States in order to effectively tackle this crisis and end cross-border smuggling of these synthetic drugs?

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:20 p.m.

Conservative

Todd Doherty Conservative Cariboo—Prince George, BC

Mr. Speaker, that is the only way to get anything done. We have to have a multi-tiered plan to work on this. Because we have a nation filled with different jurisdictions, like the provincial jurisdictions, regional jurisdictions and others, we have to work with these groups and each province to make sure we are doing something.

Moreover, we need leadership at the top. Somebody has to take the reins and say, “This is how we are going to do it”, and convene meetings to get this going. What we are doing right now and what we have done to this point are not working.

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:20 p.m.

Conservative

Chak Au Conservative Richmond Centre—Marpole, BC

Mr. Speaker, I am glad my colleague brought up the issue of youth death and its major causes. He named overdoses as number one, and the second is suicide. In many cases, youth suicide is caused by addiction issues.

Does the member mean that the number of deaths related to drugs is bigger than the overdose numbers?

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders ActGovernment Orders

October 23rd, 2025 / 4:20 p.m.

Conservative

Todd Doherty Conservative Cariboo—Prince George, BC

Mr. Speaker, in Canada, we have a black hole when it comes to statistics. We know that those numbers are likely much higher. The numbers we have are only the ones that are reported. Due to the stigma surrounding addiction and suicide, many cases are unreported. I believe those numbers are actually higher.