According to our surveys, it is extremely hard to say if this measure has contributed to an increase in ridership levels. As I mentioned, ridership has increased by 3% per year and was up about 15% overall between 2002 and 2007. However, no one has been able to establish a clear cause-effect relation between increased ridership levels and the deduction that all Canadians can claim, which represents about 15% of the annual cost of a transit pass.