The IT course I took was about 20 years ago, when I was a middle manager.
If you want to make the best use of external contractors, I think it's in the middle-management categories. It's project management, costing, risk management and a lot of these areas of expertise.
In the specific field of information technology, I think the newest developments are always going to come from outside, from the private sector. You will need somebody to bring that expertise and ask how they apply this to service delivery or internal processes within the public service.
I do think that the leadership programs are crucial. It's the middle and senior managers who actually steer and lead the organizations.
I think that the termination of the two big executive leadership programs in 2012 was a mistake and needed to be reversed. I'm not saying that the budget from 12 budgets ago explains what's happening 12 years later, but it's a very good example of how one of the first things to go is training and leadership development. I hope we won't repeat that now.