The major challenge with oil sands is the energy and water used to get the oil. I think if we find technology that can reduce the energy for the steam, oil, and water used to get it, that would be a breakthrough, and maybe that breakthrough will come out of a combination of biotechnologies. If you can find some microbe or some bacteria somewhere that would chew that sand and put the oil on one side and the rest on the other side—that's imaginary thinking, but something that breaks the oil sands and their components by using less water and less energy is what you look for, because it has a major impact on how much we use water and energy in the oil sands to get the oil, aside from what we leave behind.
There are technologies now at our institute in Montreal that do environmental remedial sites, and it's biological, so we can use that to clean up some of the sites we left behind. The breakthrough may come as to how we can use less energy to get the oil from the oil sands. Look at life cycle. We still use quite a bit of energy.