That's an interesting question. I think my colleague from Saskatchewan alluded to some of this.
The Canada research chairs program is a federal program. It introduced very clear guidance around equity in terms of distribution of those chairs, creating requirements in reporting. We saw the universities respond—slowly, but they did respond.
I think the important thing federally is to think about what the levers are. I would say that the levers are through the granting councils, for the most part. As you know, post-secondary education is a provincial matter, but funding for research is a federal matter through the tri-council and through their various programs like the CRC program, the granting council programs and the Canada excellence research chairs program.
We have seen movement on the part of the tri-council to start to make sure that issues related to equity are considered, but they stop in terms of representation. They don't ask that next question around pay gap. They want to make sure that universities are basically creating opportunities for women, for individuals who are disabled and for the BIPOC population, etc. However, they don't ask that next question about making sure that there is actually pay equity for those individuals as well.