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One Canadian Economy Act

An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act

Sponsor

Dominic LeBlanc  Liberal

Status

This bill has received Royal Assent and is, or will soon become, law.

Summary

This is from the published bill. The Library of Parliament has also written a full legislative summary of the bill.

Part 1 enacts the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act , which establishes a statutory framework to remove federal barriers to the interprovincial trade of goods and services and to improve labour mobility within Canada. In the case of goods and services, that Act provides that a good or service that meets provincial or territorial requirements is considered to meet comparable federal requirements that pertain to the interprovincial movement of the good or provision of the service. In the case of workers, it provides for the recognition of provincial and territorial authorizations to practise occupations and for the issuance of comparable federal authorizations to holders of such provincial and territorial authorizations. It also provides the Governor in Council with the power to make regulations respecting federal barriers to the interprovincial movement of goods and provision of services and to the movement of labour within Canada.
Part 2 enacts the Building Canada Act , which, among other things,
(a) authorizes the Governor in Council to add the name of a project and a brief description of it to a schedule to that Act if the Governor in Council is of the opinion, having regard to certain factors, that the project is in the national interest;
(b) provides that determinations and findings that have to be made and opinions that have to be formed under certain Acts of Parliament and regulations for an authorization to be granted in respect of a project that is named in Schedule 1 to that Act are deemed to have been made or formed, as the case may be, in favour of permitting the project to be carried out in whole or in part;
(c) requires the minister who is designated under that Act to issue to the proponent of a project, if certain conditions are met, a document that sets out conditions that apply in respect of the project and that is deemed to be the authorizations, required under certain Acts of Parliament and regulations, that are specified in the document; and
(d) requires that minister, each year, to cause an independent review to be conducted of the status of each national interest project.

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Bill numbers are reused for different bills each new session. Perhaps you were looking for one of these other C-5s:

C-5 (2021) Law An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
C-5 (2020) Law An Act to amend the Bills of Exchange Act, the Interpretation Act and the Canada Labour Code (National Day for Truth and Reconciliation)
C-5 (2020) An Act to amend the Judges Act and the Criminal Code
C-5 (2016) An Act to repeal Division 20 of Part 3 of the Economic Action Plan 2015 Act, No. 1

Votes

June 20, 2025 Passed 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (Part 2)
June 20, 2025 Passed 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (Part 1)
June 20, 2025 Passed Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 19)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 18)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 15)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 11)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 9)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 7)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 5)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 4)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 1)
June 16, 2025 Passed 2nd reading of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act

Debate Summary

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This is a computer-generated summary of the speeches below. Usually it’s accurate, but every now and then it’ll contain inaccuracies or total fabrications.

Bill C-5 aims to eliminate internal trade barriers, facilitate labour mobility, and streamline federal project reviews for major infrastructure, energy, and housing projects deemed to be in the national interest.

Liberal

  • Eliminate internal trade barriers: The bill aims to eliminate domestic trade barriers, mutually recognize provincial regulations, and facilitate labour mobility for skilled workers across the country.
  • Boost the Canadian economy: Economists estimate that truly free trade within Canada could add as much as $200 billion to the economy, a necessary boost during uncertain times.
  • Speed up infrastructure projects: The bill simplifies federal review and approval processes for major infrastructure projects to reduce duplication and enable faster, more efficient decisions.

Conservative

  • bill does not go far enough: The bill is a minor step that eliminates only a small number of barriers and fails to address the structural issues holding back economic development.
  • timeline for projects too long: The proposed two-year timeline for major project approvals is too slow compared to other countries and the Conservative proposal for a one-year maximum.
  • government admits past failures: Introducing the bill is an admission by the government that its policies over the last decade have created roadblocks and red tape that stalled major projects.
  • repeal existing laws and fast-track projects: The government should repeal its anti-development laws and immediately fast-track the dozens of projects already stuck in the federal review process.

NDP

  • Supports bill objectives: The NDP supports the bill's goals of transformative investment, creating jobs, and building infrastructure, but doubts the government's ability to deliver.
  • Opposes centralization of power: The party opposes the bill's second part, which centralizes infrastructure approval power in ministers, bypassing environmental reviews, consultations, and public debate.
  • Threatens democratic principles: The party argues the bill's approach threatens workers' protections, transparency, accountability, environmental protections, and indigenous rights in the name of expediency.
  • Will cause delays and conflict: The NDP predicts that removing transparent processes and consultation will not speed up projects but instead cause delays, protests, legal battles, and gridlock.

Bloc

  • Opposes federal power override: The Bloc opposes Bill C-5, arguing it grants the federal government excessive powers to override provincial and Indigenous laws for projects deemed in the "national interest".
  • Fails first nations consultation: The party strongly criticizes the government for failing to conduct meaningful consultation with First Nations, viewing the bill as a serious barrier to reconciliation and a violation of Indigenous rights.
  • Undermines environmental protection: The Bloc argues the bill undermines environmental protection, transparency, and public participation by allowing projects to bypass or receive pre-approval before proper assessment.

Green

  • Bill C-5 is an abomination: The Green Party views Bill C-5 as an "abomination" that is not necessary for the Canadian economy and was rushed through Parliament without proper study.
  • Part 1 risks weakening standards: Part 1 is criticized for potentially weakening health and environmental standards by allowing weaker provincial or territorial standards to be adopted over federal ones.
  • Part 2 grants excessive cabinet power: Part 2 gives cabinet unchecked power to decide which projects are in the "national interest" with no mandatory criteria, bypassing evidence-based decision-making.
  • Bill bypasses proper parliamentary process: The party criticizes the government for rushing the bill through Parliament in four days, preventing adequate study by relevant committees like those for environment and Indigenous affairs.
Was this summary helpful and accurate?

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 16th, 2025 / 10:55 p.m.

Liberal

Ben Carr Liberal Winnipeg South Centre, MB

Mr. Speaker, I have a tremendous amount of respect for my colleague.

My question is in relation to indigenous rights, which the member referenced on a number of occasions. Nothing in the bill that I can see would override constitutional rights for indigenous communities. Can she elaborate on why she feels that is in jeopardy by virtue of the bill itself?

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 16th, 2025 / 10:55 p.m.

Green

Elizabeth May Green Saanich—Gulf Islands, BC

Mr. Speaker, it is a tautology problem. In order to designate a project in the national interest, we have already denied indigenous people free, prior informed consent. It is the way it works. We need a time machine to make this thing work not to offend the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. As to section 35 rights, the problem again is that it says there must be a consultation, but it does not use the term “meaningful” consultation.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 16th, 2025 / 10:55 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

Pursuant to order made earlier today, it is my duty to put forthwith every question necessary to dispose of the second reading stage of the bill now before the House.

If a member participating in person wishes that the motion be carried or carried on division, or if a member of a recognized party participating in person wishes to request a recorded division, I would invite them to rise and indicate it to the Chair.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 16th, 2025 / 10:55 p.m.

Conservative

Kelly Block Conservative Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek, SK

Mr. Speaker, I ask that it be carried on division.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 16th, 2025 / 10:55 p.m.

Liberal

Arielle Kayabaga Liberal London West, ON

Mr. Speaker, I would like a recorded vote.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 16th, 2025 / 10:55 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

Call in the members.

(The House divided on the motion, which was agreed to on the following division:)

Vote #13

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 16th, 2025 / 11:40 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

I declare the motion carried.

Accordingly, the bill stands referred to the Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities.

(Bill read the second time and referred to a committee)

It being 11:40 p.m., the House stands adjourned until tomorrow at 10 a.m., pursuant to Standing Order 24(1).

(The House adjourned at 11:40 p.m.)